HEXOKINASE [HKⅡ]
from Bacillus sp.
(ATP :D–hexose–6–phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1)
D–Glucose + ATP → D–Glucose–6–phosphate + ADP
Preparation and Specification
- Appearance
- : White amorphous powder, lyophilized
- Specific activity
- : More than 250 U/mg solid
Properties
- Substrate specificity
- : See Table 1
- Molecular weight
- : 68 kDa (gel filtration)
- Isoelectric point
- : pH 5.64
- Michaelis constants
- : Glucose 8.2 × 10-4M
ATP 8.7 × 10-5M
MgCl2 1.6 × 10-3M
- Optimum pH
- : 7.5–8.0Figure 1
- pH stability
- : 7.0–8.5 (Phosphate buffer) (55℃, 10 min) Figure 2
- Optimum temperature
- : 50℃
- Thermal stability
- : Stable at 55℃ and below (pH 8.0, 10 min) Figure3
- Effect of various chemicals
- : See Table 2
- Stabilizer
- : ATP, albumin, KCl, NaCl
Applications for Diagnostic Test
This enzyme is useful for enzymatic determination of glucose or creatine kinase activity when coupled with glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase (T–51).
HK Ⅱ | ||
D-Glucose + ATP | → | D-Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP |
G6PDHⅡ | ||
D-Glucose-6-phosphate + NADP+ | → | |
D-Glucono-δ-lactone-6-phosphate+ NADPH + H+ |
Table 1. Substrate specificity
Substrate | Relative activity (%) |
---|---|
Glucose | 100 |
Xylose | 11 |
Mannose | 41 |
Fructose | 0 |
Sorbitol | 0 |
Saccharose | 0 |
Mannitol | 0 |
Table 2. Effect of various chemicals on HK Ⅱ activity
Additive | Concentration | Relative activity (%) |
---|---|---|
None | 100 | |
KCI | 10mM | 100 |
NaCI | 10mM | 100 |
CaCl2 | 1mM | 99 |
BaCl2 | 1mM | 100 |
EDTA | 1mM | 0 |
Triton X–100 | 1% | 100 |
Adekatol PC–8 | 1% | 100 |
Nikkol OP–10 | 1% | 97 |
Pluronic P–103 | 1% | 99 |
Fig.1 pH Optimum

▲: TES-NaOH buffer
■: Tris-HCI buffer
〇: Glycine-NaOH
Fig.2 pH Stability

□: Acetate buffer
●: Phosphate buffer
■: Tris-HCI buffer
Fig.3 Thermal Stability

40 mM Tris-HCI buffer
Assay
Principle
The assay is based on the increase in absorbance at 340 nm as the formation of NADPH proceeds in the following reactions:
HK Ⅱ | ||
D–Glucose+ATP | → | Glucose–6–phosphate+ADP |
G6PDH Ⅱ | ||
Glucose–6–phosphate+NADP+ | → | |
D–Glucono–δ–lactone–6–phosphate+ NADPH +H+ |
ATP:Adenosine triphosphate
NADP:Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
G6PDH Ⅱ:Glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase
Unit definition
One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme which generates 1 μmole of NADPH per minute at 37℃ under the conditions specified in the assay procedure.
Reagents
- Reaction mixture
0.2 M Tris–HCl buffer pH 8.0 0.6 ml 0.1 M Glucose solution 0.3 ml 40 mM ATP solution pH 7.0 0.3 ml 100 U/ml G6PDH Ⅱ solution1) 0.3 ml 10 mM NADP solution 0.3 ml 0.1 M MgCl2solution 0.3 ml Distilled water 0.9 ml 1) : 100 U/ml G6PDH Ⅱ solution
Disolve 1,000 U of G6PDH with 10 ml of 10 mM
Tris–HCl buffer pH 8.0. - Enzyme dilution buffer
0.1 M KH2PO4–NaOH buffer pH 7.0 containing 0.1% (W/V) BSA and 0.1% (W/V) Triton X–100. - Reagents
Triton X–100: The Dow Chemical Company
NADP (oxidized form) :FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical CorporationG6PDH Ⅱ : Nagase Diagnostics Co., Ltd. #T–51
#308–50463
ATP (2Na・3H2O) : Kyowa Hakko Co., Ltd.
BSA: Millipore Fraction V pH 5.2 #81–053
Enzyme solution
Accurately weigh about 20 mg of the sample and add enzyme dilution buffer to make a total of 20 ml. Dilute it with enzyme dilution buffer to adjust the concentration as required.
Procedure
- Pipette accurately 3.0 ml of reaction mixture into a small test tube and preincubate at 37℃.
- After 5 min, add exactly 50 μl of enzyme solution and mix to start the reaction at 37℃.
※ In the case of a test blank, add 50 μl of enzyme dilution buffer in place of enzyme solution. - After starting the reaction, measure the rate of increase per minute in absorbance at 340 nm. The rate must be measured within the linear portion of the absorbance curve.
△A/min = (As/min−Ab/min) ≦ 0.030 Abs/minAbsorbance sample : As/min blank : Ab/min
Calculation
- Activity (U/mg of powder) = {(△A/min)/6.22} × 3.05/0.05 × 1/x
6.22: millimolar extinction coefficient of NADPH at 340 nm ( cm2 /μmole)3.05 : final volume (ml) 0.05 : volume of enzyme solution (ml) X : concentration of the sample in enzyme solution ( mg/ml)
Storage
Storage at −20℃ in the presence of a desiccant is recommended.
References
- Colowick, S.P. (1973) The Enzymes (3rd Ed.) , 4, 1–48.
- Barnard, E.A. (1975) Methods Enzymol., 42, 6–25.
- Wright, C.L. and Warsy, A.S. (1978) Biochem. J., 175, 125–135.
- Li, S.J., Umena, Y., Matsuoka, T., Kita, A., Fukui, K. and Morimoto, Y. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 358, 1002–1007.
HK Ⅱ活性測定法 (Japanese)
試薬液
- 反応試薬混合液
0.2M トリス–HCl 緩衝液 pH8.0 0.6 ml 0.1M グルコース溶液 0.3 ml 40mM ATP 溶液 pH7.0 0.3 ml 100U/ml G6PDH Ⅱ溶液1) 0.3 ml 10mM NADP 溶液 0.3 ml 0.1M 塩化マグネシウム溶液 0.3 ml 精製水 0.9 ml 1) : 100U/ml G6PDH Ⅱ溶液
G6PDHⅡ 1,000 単位 (U) を10mM トリス–HCl
緩衝液pH8.0 10ml で溶解する。 - 酵素溶解希釈用液
0.1% (W/V) BSA と0.1% (W/V) トリトンX–100
を含む0.1M KH2PO4–NaOH 緩衝液 pH7.0 - 試薬
トリトンX–100:Dow Chemical 製
NADP (ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド・リン酸酸化型) :富士フイルム和光純薬製 #308–50463G6PDH Ⅱ (グルコース–6–リン酸脱水素酵素) :ナガセダイアグノスティックス製 #T–51ATP (アデノシン三リン酸・2Na・3H2O) :協和発酵製BSA: Millipore 製 Fraction V pH5.2 #81–053
酵素試料液
- 検品約20mg を精密に量り、酵素溶解希釈用液で溶解して全容20ml とする。
その液を酵素溶解希釈用液で適宜希釈する。
測定操作法
- 小試験管に反応試薬混合液3.0ml を正確に分注し、37℃で予備加温する。
- 5 分経過後、酵素試料液50 μl を正確に加えて混和し、37℃で反応を開始する。
※ 盲検は酵素試料液の代わりに酵素溶解希釈用液50μl を加える。 - 反応開始後、340nm における吸光度を測定して直線的に反応している1 分間当たりの吸光度変化を求める。
求められた吸光度変化の試料液はAs/min、盲検液は
Ab/min とする。
ΔA/min = (As/min−Ab/min) ≦ 0.030 Abs/min
計算
活性 (U/mg) = {(ΔA/min)/6.22} × 3.05/0.05 × 1/x6.22 : | NADPH の340nm におけるミリモル分子吸光係数 (cm2 /μmole) |
3.05 : | 反応総液量 (ml) |
0.05 : | 反応に供した酵素試料液量 (ml) |
X : | 酵素試料液中の検品濃度 (mg/ml) |